1. This article reviews the common and specific factors contributing to panic disorder, phobias, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
2. Broad risk factors such as temperament, genetics, biological influences, cognition, and familial variables are discussed.
3. GAD has the broadest threat-responding while specific learning experiences contribute most strongly to circumscribed phobias.
The article provides a comprehensive review of recent empirical developments, current controversies, and areas in need of further research in relation to panic disorder, phobias, and generalized anxiety disorder. The article discusses the relative contribution of broad risk factors to these disorders, including temperament, genetics, biological influences, cognition, and familial variables. However, the article may have some potential biases as it relies heavily on self-reported data from diagnostic interviews that are not always reliable. Additionally, the article does not explore counterarguments or alternative explanations for some of its claims. For example, while the article suggests that behavioral inhibition is a significant risk factor for anxiety disorders, other studies have found no significant relationship between behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorders. Overall, while the article provides valuable insights into the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders, readers should approach its claims with caution and consider alternative perspectives.